The above astronomical value does not include refraction. Because of refraction, the Sun becomes visible while it is still below the eastern horizon. Hindu sunrise equals astronomical sunrise plus the time required for half the solar disc to rise and the additional time needed to compensate for refraction.

The actual morning appearance of the Sun is sunrise, and its evening disappearance is sunset. In the Panchang, sunrise and sunset are very important for calculating the significant periods of the day.

The day begins with sunrise. Starting work at the beginning of the day is considered fresh and auspicious. At sunrise and sunset, Aarti and worship are offered in India. Worship during these times is believed to bring happiness and peace.

Questions To Ponder

1. How is sunrise time calculated?

Sunrise = 720 − 4 × (longitude + hour angle) − equation of time; longitude and hour angle are in degrees and the equation of time is in minutes.

2. Why should sunrise and sunset times be known?

Begin your day before sunrise and complete important work before sunset. Use the daylight well and make the day meaningful.

3. Are sunrise and sunset times important in astrology?

In Hindu astrology, sunrise and sunset are essential for calculating the horoscope, Rahu Kalam and many other astrological timings.

4. Why is sunrise commonly used in astrological analysis?

The Sun rises in the east, and the morning rays are considered beneficial because they bring positive energy.

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